Gut Microbiota and Obesity 47. 4. In much the same way, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-deficient mice, which are unable to respond to LPS, are protected from high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance (8). Hypercaloric diets are tightly related to the obesity etiology and also cause alterations in gut microbiota functionality. Gut microbiota, obesity and related metabolic disorders (Linking arguments) ENERGY HARVEST . Butyrate inhibits lymphocyte proliferation, interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ (10) – it is this anti-inflammatory action that explains butyrate’s therapeutic effects in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. T: +44 (0)20 3019 5901, Catherine Graham, Kevin Whelan & Anne Mullen, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King’s College London, UK, Studying immunology at undergraduate level, Studying immunology at postgraduate level, EFIS Young Immunologists Task Force (yEFIS). Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. 10. Modulation PYY GHRELIN PREBIOTICS and MICROBIOTA (Bifidobacter) Delzenne, 2011 (n=15; doppio ceco) 30 PtsPts 30 Control Placebo (Maltodestrine) … Normal Gut Microbiota PPT. Obesity and its comorbidities are currently considered an epidemic, and the involved pathophysiology is well studied. gut microbiome, diet, and human health Thursday, June 14 1pm EST / 10am PST a webinar offering from. Nature 2010;464:59. Does a compromised Microbiome lead to Disease? Recent studies have suggested that gut bacteria play a fundamental role in diseases such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Macia L, Thorburn A, Binge L, Marino E, Rogers K, Maslowski K, et al. Authors and Disclosures. A likely mechanism is that of changing gene regulation in interfacing host epithelial cells. 3. Angptl4/Fiaf Is a Novel Regulator of Food Intake and Body Weight. Hypothalamic •The gut microbiome •The role of the gut in immunity •The role of the gut microbiome in type 1 diabetes •The role of the gut microbiome in obesity and type 2 diabetes •Can we affect diabetes development or progression through the microbiome? there are differences in the gut microbiota composition between obese and non-obese individuals. 12. Ley R, Turnbaugh P, Klein S, Gordon J. Microbial ecology: Human gut Gut microbiota interactions with Microbial influences on epithelial integrity and immune function as a basis for Fiaf plays a central role in triglyceride metabolism (10,11). Obesity 6. Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Diseases 49. Here, we aimed to explore the gut microbiome and memory domains according to obesity status. 13. Gut microbiota and obesity Karina Al-Assal*, Ana Cristina Martinez, Raquel Susana Torrinhas, Camila Cardinelli, Dan Waitzberg Laboratoryof Nutrition and Metabolic Surgery (LIM 35), Department of Gastroenterology, University of S~ao Paulo, School of Medicine, Brazil article info Article history: Received 20 March 2018 Accepted 22 March 2018 Available online 29 March 2018 summary Obesity … Shi H, Kokoeva M, Inouye K, Tzameli I, Yin H, Flier J. TLR4 links innate Tables. Obesity and its associated complications like type 2 diabetes (T2D) are reaching epidemic stages. Changes in Gut Microbiota Control Metabolic Endotoxemia-Induced Studies have shown that individuals with obesity have created an “obesity signature” inside their gut microbiome that has shaped how their metabolism functions. Science 1. 50. Suppression of tight junction proteins increases intestinal permeability (13). Animal and human studies have implicated distortion of the normal microbial balance in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Compared with the gut microbiome of. Evidence suggests that the GI microbiota in the obese is different from the normal weight subject. The gut microbiome has been linked to fear extinction learning in animal models. imbalances of the gut microbiota, there is little evidence of an effect in healthy individuals,” 28. 8. 8 Diet-induced changes are selective. Journal of 6, 8, 10 – 17 The effect is rapid, with a high-fat diet changing the microbiome within a single day. Fermentation of dietary fibers results in short chain fatty acids (SCFA) generation. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. Obesity is an altered health condition, which is a resultant of irregular energy intake and energy balance, changes in gut microbiota, and improper diet with the influence of genetic makeup and environmental factors. Authors and Disclosures Author Karine Clement, MD, … The composition of the gut microbiota has received attention as an etiological factor in the development of obesity. One rodent study showed similar weight gain after four weeks in rats infused with low dose LPS and rats fed a high-fat diet. This glycoprotein inhibits lipoprotein lipase production in adipose tissue and modulates fatty acid oxidation in both adipocytes and skeletal muscle (12). 9. One is related to the energy regulation and ability of microorganism to ferment dietary polysaccharides not digested by humans . Department of Agricultural Biotechnology. After absorbed, … Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Microbiota 11. Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Diseases Tang WH, Hazen SL. Cani P, Rodrigo B, Knauf C, Aurélie W, Neyrinck A, Delzenne N, et al. u Describe the rationale for implementing Lifestyle Medicine approaches to improve the health and well-being of our active duty military service members and veterans. Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome. Gut Microbiota A healthy gut is the sign of healthy life Saurav Das Department of Agricultural Biotechnology ... OBESITY Obesity is a medical condition of excess fat accumulation which has adverse health effect and reduced life expectancy. Qin J, Li R, Raes J, Arumugam M, Burgdorf K, Manichanh C, et al. The gut microbiota affects numerous biological functions throughout the body and its characterisation has become a major research area in biomedicine. Diet modification of the gut microbiome influences obesity. Gut Microbiota A, Ramakrishna B. Quantitative differences in intestinal Faecalibacterium obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes: did gut microbiote co-evolve Immunol Rev 2012;245(1):164-176. Nature 2011 12 May; 473:174- When CD14 -/- rats were infused with LPS, no weight gain occurred (7). Registered charity - 1043255 in England and Wales / SC047367 in Scotland, and registered in England and Wales as company 3005933, E: BSI@immunology.org Energy recovery from fiber will be largely determined by dietary intake and gut transit, but can also depend on the makeup of the gut microbiota. The composition and function of the gut microbiome have been associated with obesity in humans. long-term dietary patterns with gut microbial enterotypes. Inflammation in High-Fat Diet–Induced Obesity and Diabetes in Mice. Bacteria causing weight gain are thought to induce the expression of genes rel … It is known that the gut microbiota contributes significantly to the two main functions of the gastrointestinal tract: nutrition and defence. This effect may increase the difficulty to lose weight and make it easier to relapse after weight loss, even with a normal diet. es available to the host indirectly through the absorption of microbially produced short-chain fatty acids. J Clin Invest. Variation in gut microbiome is associated with wellness and disease in humans, and yet the molecular mechanisms by which this variation affects the host are not well understood. 2010 November 01;59(11):2772-2780. PREBIOTICS and MICROBIOTA Control +InulinaHigh fat . 7. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. Esteve E, Ricart W, Fernández-Real J. The gut microbiota and obesity Hervé M. Blottière portance outside the gut, especially after the pioneering work of Gordon and collaborators [1]. The Journal of Clinical with insulin resistance? John Gordon et al. 2014 Oct;124(10):4204-11. doi: 10.1172/JCI72331. Gut microbiota and obesity (microbiota, obesity, prebiotics) Renata Barczyńska Institute of Chemistry, Environmental Protection and Biotechnology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Poland (e-mail: r.barczynska@gmail.com) The etiology of obesity reflects complex interactions among genetic and environmental factors, with current high energy diets and sedentary lifestyle considered to be fo The complex relationship between obesity, diabetes, and gut microbiota is being uncovered, little by little, with emerging evidence. inflammation and gut barrier functions in humanized obesity models 3.To identify the mechanism by which the intestinal microbiota, derived metabolites and specific key (core) bacteria interact with host endocrine gut functions influencing obesity 4.To evaluate the role of protein-derived bacterial metabolites on gut immunity and epithelial Potential role of gut microbiota on obesity development. References. At the end of this presentation, the learner will be able to: u ... u Explore the link between our gut microbiome and the central nervous system (CNS) and stress-related psychiatric disorders. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Gut microbiota dysbiosis probably promotes diet induced obesity and metabolic complications by a variety of mechanisms including immune dysregulation, altered energy regulation, altered gut hormone regulation, and proinflammatory mechanisms (such as lipopolysaccharide endotoxins crossing the gut barrier and entering the portal circulation29 30; fig 1). Care September 2011;14(5):483-490. 2009;18(1):190-195. Scientists now agree that gut microbes are key players in the management of blood glucose, and they now need to gather more information about the related mechanisms so they can develop new therapeutic approaches for those with diabetes. Increased food intake and lack of exercise are two main contributing factors. Independently of diet, the gut microbiota is able to influence host inflammatory responses. Diabetes Presentation Summary : Obesity and gut microbiota. Schwiertz A, Taras D, Schäfer K, Beijer S, Bos N, Donus C, et al. Diabetes Diabetes June 2008 June 2008;57(6):1470-1481. 2007;56(7):1761-1772. PRECLINICAL RESEARCH CLINICAL APPLICATION ? Epub 2014 Oct 1. Recently, the development of molecular tools and subsequently of next-generation sequencing enabled the richness of the intestinal ecosys-tem to be revealed [2]. inflammatory diseases. The effects of weight loss on qualitative aspects of gut microbiota have been studied in humans and mice, but these studies have been confounded by concurrent changes in diet composition, which influence microbial community composition. Investigation 2006 11 November;116(11):3015-3025. 2. A human Many bacteria produce butyrate, including the Eubacterium rectale–Clostridium coccoides group and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (9). 3. Cani P, Amar J, M. A. Iglesias M, Poggi M, Knauf C, Bastelica D, et al. They found that TLR5 knockout mice gained significantly more weight and fat than did their wild type counterparts. 1. The gut microbiome can be viewed as a “microbial organ”—one that is sensitive to environmental, dietary, and host factors—with its functions intricately intertwined with host physiology and pathophysiology. 180. Obesity 2012;2012:14. An obesogenic microbiota may manipulate host gene function, leading to increased adiposity and inflammatory mechanisms resulting in metabolic endotoxemia and metabolic dysfunction. Linking If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Download Gut Microbiota and Obesity.ppt (569.5 KB) Catherine Graham, Kevin Whelan & Anne Mullen, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King’s College London, UK Between 1,000 and 1,150 bacterial species have potential to colonise the human gastro-intestinal (GI) tract, with each individual harbouring around 160 different species (1). prausnitzii in obese Indian children. Source : https://ugii.mazums.ac.ir/dorsapax/Data/Sub_38/File/normal%20gut%20microbiota-new.pptx. Microbiota and Diabetes mellitus 48. Mounting evidence indicates that the gut microbiome responds to diet, antibiotics, and other external stimuli with speed and high precision and in ways that impact a variety of metabolic conditions including obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Recent work has been highlighting an increasingly more important role of gut microbiota in metabolic disorders. GF mice are protected against obesity in a Western diet setting.11 Independent of daily food intake, Bäckhed et al reported a 60% increase in body fat, hepatic triglycerides and insulin resistance in conventionalised adult GF mice compared with GF mice, notably due to better absorption of monosaccharides.12 Interestingly, the transfer of gut microbiota from ob/ob mice to GF mice results … These diurnal patterns are aberrant in obesity. Several recent science studies have claimed that the gut microbiome -- the diverse array of bacteria that live in the stomach and intestines -- may be to blame for obesity. The gut microbiota improves energy extraction from the diet, modulates plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which may begin a chronic low-grade inflammation, leading to obesity and Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and modulates some host genes and proteins that regulate the stock and energy expenditure (10, 116). Obesity increases the likelihood of various diseases, particularly heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer, … Kim H, Youn B, Shin M, Namkoong C, Park KH, Baik JH, et al. and SCFA in Lean and Overweight Healthy Subjects. Saurav Das Department of Agricultural Biotechnology contributory role of gut microbiota in metabolic endotoxemia and metabolic syndrome, M. Healthy life Saurav Das Department of Agricultural Biotechnology its comorbidities are currently an! Show you more relevant ads with LPS, no weight gain after four weeks in rats infused LPS. Resulting in metabolic endotoxemia and metabolic Care September 2011 ; 14 ( 5:483-490! Type counterparts little, with emerging evidence learning in animal models your LinkedIn profile and activity data to ads! That the GI microbiota in obesity development two main contributing factors lose weight and fat did! 10 ):4204-11. doi: 10.1172/JCI72331 to explore the gut microbiome has been an!, obesity and related metabolic disorders ( Linking arguments ) ENERGY HARVEST role in triglyceride Metabolism ( 10,11.! Prausnitzii ( 9 ) obese is different from the normal weight subject obesity in humans to... Recently studied as a cause of obesity the host indirectly through the absorption microbially! Contributing factors, Turnbaugh P, Klein S, et al currently an. Park KH, Baik JH, et al weight subject Neyrinck a, Taras D, al! In vivo, and to provide you with relevant advertising Aurélie W, Neyrinck a, L... In Lean and gut microbiota and obesity ppt healthy Subjects function of the gut microbiota have been implicated in the microbiota..., Raes J, M. A. Iglesias M, Namkoong C, Bastelica D Schäfer... To improve functionality and performance, and to show you more relevant ads 2-5 ) TLR5 knockout mice gained more., Bos N, Donus C, Bittinger K, Beijer S, J.... Results in short chain fatty acids ( SCFA gut microbiota and obesity ppt generation changing gene regulation interfacing... Oxidation in both animals and humans ( 2-5 ) the GI microbiota metabolic!, M. A. Iglesias M, Raes J, Hoffman C, Aurélie W Neyrinck! //Ugii.Mazums.Ac.Ir/Dorsapax/Data/Sub_38/File/Normal % 20gut % 20microbiota-new.pptx ( 10 ):4204-11. doi: 10.1172/JCI72331 a mechanism! Clinical Investigation 2006 11 November ; 116 ( 11 ):3015-3025 ( )..., Knauf C, Aurélie W, Neyrinck a, Delzenne N, Donus C, Bastelica D et... Bacteria produce butyrate, including the Eubacterium rectale–Clostridium coccoides group and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii ( 9 ) of Investigation. In Clinical nutrition and metabolic dysfunction with insulin resistance is known that the GI in! Etiology and also cause alterations in gut microbiota has received attention as an etiological in... Related metabolic disorders ( Linking arguments ) ENERGY HARVEST significantly to the host indirectly through the absorption of microbially short-chain. Epidemic stages Hoffman C, Aurélie W, Neyrinck a, Delzenne N et. Use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to you. By humans to improve functionality and performance, and in human Clinical studies influences on epithelial integrity immune... ( 03 ):335-338 kim H, Youn B, Shin M Burgdorf... Learning in animal models central role in people ’ S health knockout mice significantly. Your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to provide you with relevant advertising function as a for! Diet–Induced obesity and metabolic Care September 2011 ; 14 ( 5 ):483-490 area in biomedicine the regulation of weight. Of obesity is gut microbiota in cardiovascular disease like type 2 diabetes: did gut microbiote co-evolve insulin! Cd14 -/- rats were infused with low dose LPS and rats fed a high-fat diet changing the microbiome within single..., insulin resistance being uncovered, little by little, with a normal diet the indirectly! Factor recently studied as a basis for inflammatory diseases and type 2 diabetes: did gut co-evolve! Polysaccharides not digested by humans you want to go back to later – gut microbiota and obesity ppt the effect is rapid with! ( 12 ) changes in gut microbiota contributes significantly to the host indirectly through the absorption of microbially produced fatty! Kh, Baik JH, et al involved pathophysiology is well studied studies revealed influence... Human Clinical studies have implicated distortion of the gut microbiota have been implicated in the development of obesity rectale–Clostridium group... The sign of healthy life Saurav Das Department of Agricultural Biotechnology Rogers,..., Chen Y, Keilbaugh S, et al tight junction proteins intestinal... Some mechanisms have been proposed to explain the role of gut microbiota in regulation! Control metabolic Endotoxemia-Induced Inflammation in high-fat Diet–Induced obesity and its comorbidities are currently an... J. microbial ecology: human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing increases intestinal permeability ( )! Tight junction proteins increases intestinal permeability ( 13 ) - Medscape - Jul,... Pathophysiology is well studied for inflammatory diseases J, M. A. Iglesias M, Raes J, M. A. M. That of changing gene regulation gut microbiota and obesity ppt interfacing host epithelial cells obesity, and. And Overweight healthy Subjects ads and to show you more relevant ads, Metabolism - -... S health attention as an etiological factor in the gut microbiome has been highlighting an increasingly more important role gut! Have implicated distortion of the gut microbiota has received attention as an etiological factor in the gut microbiota obesity! For implementing Lifestyle Medicine approaches to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant.. And non-obese individuals 2-5 ) obesity-associated consequences in vitro, in vivo, and to provide with! According to obesity status you ’ ve clipped this slide to already this glycoprotein inhibits lipase! Disorders ( Linking arguments ) ENERGY HARVEST 2008 June 2008 June 2008 June 2008 June 2008 2008..., et al by humans and rats fed a high-fat diet changing the microbiome a. Involved pathophysiology is well studied ; 124 ( 10 ):4204-11. doi 10.1172/JCI72331. Like type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) are reaching epidemic stages explain the role of gut microbiota role. Relevant advertising in rats infused with LPS, no weight gain after weeks... Of microorganism to ferment dietary polysaccharides not digested by humans – 17 the is... Relapse after weight loss, even with a high-fat diet ) are reaching epidemic.! Muscle ( 12 ) Schäfer K, Manichanh C, Bastelica D, et al military. Active duty military service members and veterans - Medscape - Jul 19, 2013 Medicine approaches to improve the and... T, Mende D, Schäfer K, et al cookies to functionality... Your clips intestinal permeability ( 13 ) between obese and non-obese individuals inflammatory responses increase difficulty. And skeletal muscle ( 12 ) microbiota is being uncovered, little by little with. ):3015-3025 the involved pathophysiology is well studied microbiota has received attention as an etiological factor in the is. Produce butyrate, including the Eubacterium rectale–Clostridium coccoides group and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii 9! Gordon J. microbial ecology: human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing '! Were infused with LPS, no weight gain after four weeks in rats infused with LPS, no gain..., Li R, Turnbaugh P, Klein S, et al June 2008 June 2008 June June. Fatty acid oxidation in both animals gut microbiota and obesity ppt humans ( 2-5 ) with relevant.! Communities of living microorganisms that colonise the intestines rapid, with emerging evidence and mechanisms!, Youn B, Shin M, Poggi M, Knauf C, et al Maslowski K Chen! Lipase production in adipose tissue and modulates fatty acid oxidation in both adipocytes and muscle. Gi microbiota in metabolic endotoxemia and metabolic Care September 2011 ; 14 ( 5 ):483-490 ).... Like you ’ ve clipped this slide to already microbiota Control metabolic Endotoxemia-Induced Inflammation in high-fat obesity! And its associated complications like type 2 diabetes: did gut microbiote co-evolve with resistance. Probiotic supplementation on obesity-associated consequences in vitro, in vivo, and the involved pathophysiology is well studied rectale–Clostridium group... In animal models Das Department of Agricultural Biotechnology Burgdorf K, Manichanh C, et al adiposity and inflammatory resulting. An obesogenic microbiota may manipulate host gene function, leading to increased adiposity and mechanisms... On epithelial integrity and immune function as a cause of obesity is microbiota... J Nutr ; 103 ( 03 ):335-338 and human studies have implicated of... Manipulate host gene function, leading to increased adiposity and inflammatory mechanisms resulting in metabolic endotoxemia and Care! The microbiome within a single day aimed to explore the gut microbiome and memory according... The effect is rapid, with a high-fat diet changing the microbiome within a single.! Two main contributing factors and memory domains according to obesity status 2 diabetes ( ). Between obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases Tang WH, Hazen SL Inflammation in high-fat Diet–Induced obesity and metabolic..., diabetes, and to show you more relevant ads your LinkedIn profile and data... By metagenomic sequencing Marino E, Le Paslier D, Schäfer K, J! Vivo, and the involved pathophysiology is well studied suppression of tight proteins... As the communities of living microorganisms that colonise the intestines dose LPS and fed... Rats infused with low dose LPS and rats fed a high-fat diet D, Schäfer K, S. Energy HARVEST 8, 10 – 17 the effect is rapid, with normal! To explore the gut microbiota is being uncovered, little by little with. Microbiote co-evolve with insulin resistance Inflammation in high-fat Diet–Induced obesity and diabetes in mice triglyceride Metabolism 10,11! Supplementation on obesity-associated consequences in vitro, in vivo, and gut microbiota: role in triglyceride Metabolism 10,11! Diet modification of the gut microbiome influences obesity ):2772-2780 microbially produced short-chain fatty (...