Strand's . Materials Science and Engineering: C, Volume 106, 2020, Article 110167. To view this presentation, you'll need to allow Flash. 2) Refraction : As light becomes incident on a surface separating two different media, a part is reflected and a part is refracted( i.e. The 3rd edition of ‘Dental Materials (Principles and Applications)’ by Zohaib Khurshid and his co-editor is an up-to-date information manual in the field of dental material science. The unites are cal/sec/cm²/(°C/cm). Pre-crimped with 6 ... - Lecture One Introduction to Engineering Materials & Applications. Properties of Materials 3. INTRODUCTION 2. Cp = specific heat K = thermal conductivity. Many of them are also animated. Primary Clinical Dental qualification which entitles them to register as a dental practitioner with the General Dental Council in the UK (or) 2. Describes a material's ability to resist forces. Mechanical Properties of Dental Materials - Dr. Nithin Mathew MECHANICAL PROPERTIES BASED ON ELASTIC DEFORMATION • Mechanical properties that are measures of the elastic strain of dental materials includes: • Young’sModulus / Modulus of Elasticity • Dynamic Young’s Modulus • Shear Modulus • Flexibility • Resilience • Poisson’s Ratio 31 3) Scattering : this occurs when light passing through an optical medium redirects some of the radiation into direction other than that of the beam. 5.5a part 1 classify matter based on physical properties including: mass, magnetism, physical, Physical Properties of Starch - B-3.02 -- physical properties of starch. Secondary colors: each secondary color- cyan, magenta, and yellow – results from the combination of two primary colors, e.g green and red gives yellow. This chapter emphasizes the dimensional change, electrical properties, solubility and sorption, and mechanical properties of dental materials. For example, the choice of color differs from person to person, and presents a real problem for those who suffer from color blindness. This fact is used in TV sets to create a full color picture from only three colored sets of dots. RESILIENCE 9. Light : is electromagnetic radiation that can be detected by the human eye. chemistry concepts covered. Color parameters: a) Hue : this represents the color of the material . - Physical and Chemical Control of Microorganisms 8. Physical Properties of Dental Materials* ... Prosthodontics dental materials: From conventional to unconventional. c) Gold alloys = 0.710 cal/sec/cm²/(°C/cm). Physical properties of dental materials. No need for electricity ... Pre-fabricated. Bioactive Dental Materials. Our new CrystalGraphics Chart and Diagram Slides for PowerPoint is a collection of over 1000 impressively designed data-driven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. The methods of preparing of colloidal solutions. Natural sun light and ultraviolet lights used in decorative lighting are sources containing amounts of near ultraviolet radiation. this is, PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SPEECH SOUNDS - . Casting of Dental Alloysand Soldering 13. Green Cyan Yellow White Blue Red Magenta. Manufacturing properties of engineering materials. outlineintroductiondefinitionformation of dental plaqueconstituentstypes of. Prevention and reversal of dental caries: role of low level fluoride, community. c) Gold alloys 0.710 cal/sec/cm²/(C/cm). Thermal conductivity (K): The thermal conductivity of substance is the amount of heat in calories, or joules, per second passing through a body 1cm thick with a cross section of 1 cm² when the temperature difference is 1°C . CLASSIFICATION OF RESTORATIVE MATERIAL.pptx - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt / .pptx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. Dent Oral Epidemiol. When all light is absorbed the material appears black.Examples of opaque materials are metals. Total transmission is undergone by perfectly transparent material, © 2020 SlideServe | Powered By DigitalOfficePro, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - E N D - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -. It's FREE! View and Download PowerPoint Presentations on Physical Properties Of Dental Materials PPT. libyan international medical university. Less traumatic. Get powerful tools for managing your contents. - CrystalGraphics offers more PowerPoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. - Title: Dispersed Systems Author: Halinka Last modified by: Halinka Created Date: 9/24/2011 7:58:02 PM Document presentation format: (4:3), Physical and Chemical Agents for Microbial Control. Physical properties. Periodic Variation in Physical Properties - . This difference may create gaps between the two (marginal percolation) which leads to leakage of salivary components into the tooth leading to tooth discoloration, recurrent caries, and pain, 5) Heat of fusion (L) : Transitions from one state to another are accompanied by absorption or liberation of heat and usually by a change in volume. Whether your application is business, how-to, education, medicine, school, church, sales, marketing, online training or just for fun, PowerShow.com is a great resource. Complementary colors: two colors are complementary to each other when their combination results in white e.g. PPT – Physical properties of dental materials PowerPoint presentation | free to view - id: 457807-NzRjM, The Adobe Flash plugin is needed to view this content. laboratory research of basic and applied character which focus on the properties or performance of dental materials or the reaction of host tissues to materials are given priority publication. Consequently, the optical properties of the materials that are selected and used by the dentist have become of great importance. The elements of study Physical properties include: 1-density 2-thermal properties 3-electrical properties 4-optical properties. C2 Properties of materials LO To know how to describe materials and to introduce polymers - . the resistance of a homogenous conductor of uniform cross section at a constant temperature varies directly with the length and inversely with the cross sectional area of the sample according to the following equation: L R = P -------- A R is the resistance in ohms: P is the resistivity. STUDY. prepared by ass. disclaimer. Other acceptable topics include application technology in clinical dentistry and dental laboratory technology. Density: Density is the mass per unite volume of the material .its units are gm/cm³ and pound/in³. As long as the mass is molten, the heat of fusion is retained by the liquid. introduction potential applications properties, DENTAL PLAQUE AND CALCULUS - Dental plaque . L is the length. STRESS STRAIN RELATIONSHIP 5. The high thermal conductivity of amalgam is a disadvantage because if it is near the pulp it may cause patient discomfort as a result of temperature changes produced by hot or cold foods and beverages unless adequate tooth tissue remains or non-metallic substances are placed between the tooth and filling as a base for insulation. TOUGHNESS 1. sizes of atoms and ions ionization energy electron affinity metallic, V. Physical Behavior of Matter - . PLAY. CrystalGraphics 3D Character Slides for PowerPoint, - CrystalGraphics 3D Character Slides for PowerPoint. Structure of Matter Author: Mahmoud Last modified by: f5. Driveway's (color online) mechanical material properties after 0-120 s he ppt. A black standard is assigned a value of 0, where as a white standard is assigned 100. a tooth of low value appears gray and non-vital therefore it is the most important parameter. materials that have mechanical properties dependent on loading rate and exhibit elastic and viscous behavior *higher strength when loading rate is faster *reversible strain when applied stresses are of short duration ("snap" removal of impression materials) It can be seen that the visible electromagnetic radiation is the range from 400 – 700 nanometers. Acc. Expert PPTs. the most common way of measuring this expansion is by taking a length of material, heating it to a certain temperature and then measuring the resultant change in length. The following online modules for dental materials instruction are OPEN SOURCE for free use of anyone as long as all appropriate credits are provided during their use to recognize the authors. c) Value : it represents the lightness or darkness of a color. Index  What are physical properties? The amount of heat in cal or J required to convert 1 gm of a material from solid to liquid state. Physical properties include: 1-density 2-thermal properties 3-electrical properties 4-optical properties. tool material selection,tool failure,properties of tool, Materials Chapter 3: - . AARON SARWAL MDS 1ST PROF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DENTAL MATERIALS 2. General Properties of Dental Materials All materials have physical properties like color, weight, solubility, thermal conductivity, and others, also mechanical properties like hardness or softness, strength or weakness.There is no material till know has ideal physical or mechanical properties. Or use it to find and download high-quality how-to PowerPoint ppt presentations with illustrated or animated slides that will teach you how to do something new, also for free. Fluorescence contributes to the brightness and vital appearance of a human tooth. FRACTURE TOUGHNESS 14. The elements of study. An interesting feature is the low diffusivity of water, showing it to be an excellent thermal insulator. Bioactive Dental Materials: composition, properties, and indications for a new class of restorative materials. 2) Molten alloys of low density require higher pressure to fill the mold cavity during casting procedures. Mechanical properties. L final – L original α =--------------------------------------- L original x (C final – C original) Examples: Enamel = 11 x 10-6/°C Acrylic resin = 77 x 10-6/°C Composite = 22 x 10-6/°C, Importance in dentistry: In a composite restoration, the seal between the composite and tooth may be affected by the repeated temperature changes in the mouth which cause different amounts of expansion and contraction of the composite and the tooth. 1 2 Next. 1 Department of Prosthodontics, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, India. Winner of the Standing Ovation Award for “Best PowerPoint Templates” from Presentations Magazine. 4) Thermal expansion (α) : When a material is heated, the energy absorbed causes the atoms or molecules to vibrate and the material expands. Boasting an impressive range of designs, they will support your presentations with inspiring background photos or videos that support your themes, set the right mood, enhance your credibility and inspire your audiences. Therefore, some anterior restorative materials and dental porcelains are recently formulated with fluorescing agent to reproduce the natural appearance of tooth structure. Bachelor’s degree (minimum 2.2 or equivalent) in a subject related to dentistry or materials science matter is classified as a pure substance or as a mixture of substances. Primary colors: The primary color are red, green, and blue, from which all other colors can be produced. Thestimony to the use. the, A Look at Water and Its Contaminants - . The conductivity of restorative materials may affect insulation by bases beneath metallic restorations. Latent heat of fusion: is the amount of heat in cal. (3.1q). Download. how many reasons can you, DEFINE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND LIST AT LEAST 3 EXAMPLES P. 94 - . The thermal diffusivity, When a material is heated, the energy absorbed, In a composite restoration, the seal between the, Transitions from one state to another are, As long as the mass is molten, the heat of fusion, Latent heat of fusion is the amount of heat in, The ability of a material to conduct an electric, the resistance of a homogenous conductor of, Zinc oxide eugenol cements have the highest, The restoration of teeth has moved more and more, The perception of color is a physiological, Light is electromagnetic radiation that can be, b) Chroma it is strength of color, or it is a, The primary color are red, green, and blue, from. Thus, the original beam is weakened by scattering in a direction away from the observer’s eye. Density is the mass per unite volume of the material .its units are gm/cm³ and pound/in³. And they’re ready for you to use in your PowerPoint presentations the moment you need them. YIELD STRESS 11. They are all artistically enhanced with visually stunning color, shadow and lighting effects. TYPES OF STRESS 3. Dental Amalgam 6. - Beautifully designed chart and diagram s for PowerPoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. Examples of density of some dental materials: a) Acrylic resin = 1.2 gm/cm³ b) Porcelain = 2.4 gm/cm³ c) Gold alloys = 17 gm/cm³ d) Cobalt – chromium alloys = 8 gm/cm³. Opacity: is the property pf materials that prevents the passage of light. YOUNG’S MODULUS 8. N.B. There are many different types of dental material like porcelain, ceramic or glass-like fillings and crowns which are used as filling for the tooth abnormalities. This is presented by the thermal diffusivity, h, P density of material . - Biochemistry of tooth tissues and saliva: biological role, physical-chemical properties and biochemical content. Ppt. Secondary colors each secondary color- cyan, Transparency is the property of materials that, Translucency is the property of materials that, Opacity is the property pf materials that, Metamerism the color of objects under one type, Fluorescence natural tooth structure absorbs, The energy that the tooth absorbs is converted, Therefore, some anterior restorative materials, As light becomes incident on a surface separating, 3) Scattering this occurs when light passing, 4) transmission light passing through an optical, 1) Rough composite fillings scatter more light, 2) Opacifires added to composite resins act as, 3) Incorporated air bubbles in a restoration as. what is a. Lecture № 9 Heterofunctional carboxylic acids . Tannins. - Lecture One Introduction to Engineering Materials & Applications Materials science is primarily concerned with the search for basic knowledge about the internal ... - Impression Materials www.dentalmatrix.blogspot.com www.rxdentistry.blogspot.com www.rxdentistry.blogspot.com www.rxdentistry.blogspot.com www.rxdentistry.blogspot.com ... General characteristic of the carbohydrates, their sources of getting, properties, qualitative and quantitative analysis, storage and usage. table of contents. An opaque material either absorbs or reflects all of the light. not visible to the human eye between 300 and 400 nm (near-ultraviolet radiation). Bollywood's. STRAIN 4. Casting Alloys, Wrought Alloys, and Solders 12. 4) transmission: light passing through an optical medium without attenuation is said to be completely transmitted. PowerShow.com is a leading presentation/slideshow sharing website. Density: Density is the mass per unite volume of the material .its units are gm/cm³ and pound/in³. a trait we can observe w/o changing the identity of the substance. Examples of (K): a) Enamel = 0.0022 cal/sec/cm²/(°C/cm). Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube. five properties to consider, Operating & Maintaining Dental Equipment Positioning a Patient in a Dental Chair Unit 18.6 -18.8 - . Materials. If so, share your PPT presentation slides online with PowerShow.com. 285-305 . And, best of all, most of its cool features are free and easy to use. UNITERMS: Dental materials, properties; Materials testing. That's all free as well! 5. Fluoride and the Oral Environment. translucency: is the property of materials that allow the passage of some light but disperses ( scatters or reflects) the rest so that objects cannot be clearly seen through them e.g. After you enable Flash, refresh this page and the presentation should play. Density:. there is a change in the direction of light as it enters the other medium). b) Amalgam = 0.055 cal/sec/cm²/(°C/cm). Preventive Dental Materials 4. 2. considerations. Transparency, translucency, and opacity: Transparency: is the property of materials that allow the passage of light in such a manner that objects can be clearly seen through them. Mechanical properties and performance of. 4) Optical propertied: The restoration of teeth has moved more and more from the purely functional towards the aesthetic. 3) Thermal diffusivity (h) The transfer of heat to a cold source is dependent on both the thermal conductivity and the specific heat, with the former regulating the rate at which the heat enters and passes through the material and the latter determining the rate at which the temperature will rise as heat enters the material. Download PDF View details. Q (total heat absorbed) L = ------------------------------- m (mass of substance). P. Jithendra Babu 1, Rama Krishna Alla 2,, Venkata Ramaraju Alluri 1, Srinivasa Raju Datla 1, Anusha Konakanchi 3. For this reason, Eskimos can be quite warm when sheltering in their igloos. - Lecture № 9 heterofunctional carboxylic acids. Applications of Nanocomposite Materials in Dentistry, 2019, pp. Importance in dentistry: Specific heat of metal or alloys is important during the melting process because it indicates the amount of heat that must be applied to the mass to raise the temperature to the melting point. Waxes 11. A is the sectional area. Atlantes. - Removing carious tissues using hand instruments only. - Dental Cements for Bonding Application Dr. Waseem Bahjat Mushtaha Specialized in prosthodontics Types of cements Zinc phosphate cement Zinc silicophosphate cement ... Density is the mass per unite volume of the, 1) Upper denture must be made up of the materials, 2) Molten alloys of low density require higher, The thermal conductivity of substance is the. an observable property of matter that can be, Properties of Materials - . The ductility is a property of a material which enables it to be drawn out into a thin wire. - Dental Hygienist's ... Resource person in dental health to staff. The ratio of the angle of incidence and sine angle of refraction is a constant called “refractive index”. Dental Restorations in Pediatric Dentisty. Dental materials are fabricated materials specialized and designed for use in dentistry. ELASTIC LIMIT 7. Coupling agents are used to improve ... | PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view, - Title: Physical Properties of Dental Materials Presented by Karma Yangchen JR-1 Author: Elieya Computer's Last modified by: ABCD Created Date: 8/16/2006 12:00:00 AM. Mechanical properties of dental materials. Ductility. LED's. Physical-chemical properties of biopolymer solutions. The PowerPoint PPT presentation: "Physical properties of dental materials" is the property of its rightful owner. Requisite physical properties include low thermal conductivity and expansion, resistance to different categories of forces and wear such as attrition and abrasion, and resistance to chemical erosion. Physical properties dental materials 2. This change in length, per unit length for a 1°C change in temperature, is called the linear coefficient of expansion,α. Find PowerPoint Presentations and Slides using the power of XPowerPoint.com, find free presentations research about Properties Of Dental Materials PPT Algonquin ... - ... post-operative bleeding due to its vasoconstrictive properties-cocaine addicts ... 7) Proper physical properties (water solubility and stability in ... - Title: PowerPoint Created Date: 11/22/2008 11:41:43 AM Document presentation format: Other titles, - Title: PowerPoint Created Date: 9/26/2008 12:35:46 PM Document presentation format: Other titles. we have concentrated for the most part on the articulatory description of speech, ESA SME Initiative Course D:Materials - Materials properties requirements and associated test methods for metallic, Amorphous and Semi-Crystalline Engineering Thermoplastics Materials, properties and applications. Dentin has a lower resistivity than enamel whereas sound enamel and carious enamel differ in resistivity. Find PowerPoint Presentations and Slides using the power of XPowerPoint.com, find free presentations research about Physical Properties Of Dental Materials PPT Composition, properties, and indications for a new class of restorative materials. Full coverage restoration. The electrochemical properties of dental materials causes 2 importantphenomenons known as TARNISH andCORROSION. Physical and Chemical Control of Microorganisms. The thermal diffusivity gives a clear indication of the rate of rise of temperature at one point due to a heat source at another point, and may be considered the most important in dental applications. 1999; 27: 31-40. dhyg 113 restorative dentistry i. objectives. Modern fillings material ( cements, amalgam, composition materials). Cp specific heat, K thermal conductivity. presentations for free. tegwyn h. brickhouse dds phd associate professor department of, Cutting Tool Design Tool Materials, Tool Geometry - Content. Disperse systems. PROPORTIONAL LIMIT 6. As scattering of light increases, the body appears more dull and opaque. Create stunning presentation online in just 3 steps. - Black investigated the properties of amalgams and their possible use for ... amalgam is now used more than any other filling material for the restoration of ... - Bonding of resin-based materials Libyan International Medical University. Cements have the highest resistivity followed by zinc polyacrylate and zinc phosphate cements: this represents color... ’ s eye 1 gm of a material from solid to liquid state Tool... Natural sun light and ultraviolet lights used properties of dental materials ppt decorative lighting are sources containing amounts of near radiation! Feature is the amount of heat in cal or J required to convert gm... Role of low level fluoride, community in white e.g materials should be influenced by their on! Look at water and its Contaminants - prevents the passage of light it. 'Ll need to allow Flash color, shadow and lighting effects absorbs is converted into properties of dental materials ppt longer. Materials specialized and designed for use in dentistry, 2019, pp distinct properties of ideal... Biocompatibility, aesthetics and application Award for “ best PowerPoint templates ” from Magazine. 1- metallic filling material: e.g be, properties, and properties of dental materials ppt 12 than whereas! And animation effects PLAQUE and CALCULUS - dental Hygienist 's... Resource person dental! Lights used in decorative lighting are sources containing amounts of near ultraviolet radiation ( mirrors ) reflect light! A person with porcelain crowns or composite restorations that lack a fluorescing agent appears to be drawn out a!... 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That prevents the passage of light as it enters the other medium ) 2,! Radiation is the range from 400 – 700 nanometers kind of sophisticated that! The substance reversal of dental materials, Tool failure, properties, and Physical... W/O changing the identity of the substance the ratio of the material.its are. Propertied: the restoration of teeth has moved more and more from the purely functional towards the aesthetic all is. The, a Look at water and its Contaminants - use in your PowerPoint Presentations on properties... And predict their performance1,2,5,6,7,10,19 composite restorations that lack a fluorescing agent to reproduce the natural appearance of color! Showing it to be an excellent thermal insulator ( cements, Amalgam composition! And CALCULUS - dental COMPOSITES REVIEW DEFINITION composite CHEMISTRY dental composite is composed of resin! P density of material DDS, PhD that today 's audiences expect becomes a light source materials dentistry. Composite and ceramic restorations are non- conductive and do not need insulators for you to use: 1-density 2-thermal 3-electrical! A person with porcelain crowns or composite restorations that lack a fluorescing agent to reproduce the natural appearance dental... Refractive index ” case the tooth absorbs is converted into light with longer wavelengths, in this the! Length, per unit length for a properties of dental materials ppt classification of dental diseases and appearance. A material from solid to liquid state direction where the angle of reflection with over 4 to... Dds educational credit DDS PhD associate professor Department of Prosthodontics, Vishnu College. Light and ultraviolet lights used in decorative lighting are sources containing amounts of near ultraviolet radiation acrylic.... New classification of dental materials: composition, properties, and, Physical of... Tool Design Tool materials, which can influence and predict their performance1,2,5,6,7,10,19 under another light source, 2019 pp... Insulation by bases beneath metallic restorations be produced a direction away from the purely functional towards the.. Light source and other Physical phenomena excellent thermal insulator for PowerPoint with visually stunning and! Are gm/cm³ and pound/in³ and designed for use in dentistry: 1 Upper! Influenced by their effect on the oral tissues and saliva: biological,... Are selected and used by the liquid is frozen, this is called the coefficient... Brightness and vital appearance of tooth tissues and by possible toxic effects if ingested another light source only three sets... Viewed under a black light their combination results in white e.g of teeth has moved more and more the! Application technology in clinical dentistry and dental laboratory technology composition materials ) a person with crowns... Structure of Matter - dental Ceramics: Part I – an Overview of composition, properties, biocompatibility, and... A dental Chair unit 18.6 -18.8 - past 25 years, a Look at water and its Contaminants - filler. Colors: the restoration of teeth has moved more and more from the ’... By scattering in a dental Chair unit 18.6 -18.8 - c ) Value: it represents the lightness or of. With Special Needs - presentation should play low density require higher pressure to fill the mold cavity during casting.... Thermal insulator two colors are complementary to each other when their combination results in white e.g to Engineering &., Cutting Tool Design Tool materials, properties, and other Physical phenomena their sources getting... ( mirrors ) reflect all light is reflected in all directions, this is presented by the human eye to... Sets of dots objects under one type of light: is the range from 400 – nanometers... Laws of physics that describe mass, energy, force, light properties of dental materials ppt heat,,... Konakanchi 3 purely functional towards the aesthetic - dental Hygienist 's... Resource person in dental to! And opaque dental caries: role of low level fluoride, community, this is presented by the liquid a.... Today 's audiences expect aaron SARWAL MDS 1ST PROF Physical properties of dental are. You enable Flash, refresh this page and the presentation should play is! And by possible toxic effects if ingested 4 ) optical propertied: the restoration teeth... To View this presentation, you 'll need to allow Flash Award for “ best templates... To View this presentation, you 'll need to allow Flash five to...: role of low density require higher pressure to fill the mold during! Passage of light – an Overview of composition, properties, and other Physical phenomena volume of the carbohydrates their... And pathology of saliva formation, significance in the world, with over 4 to... Incidence and sine angle of incidence and sine angle of refraction is a change in length, per length! Unite volume of the light to create a full color picture from only three sets! Require higher pressure to fill the mold cavity during casting procedures: density the! Detected by the human eye unit length for a new class of restorative materials may affect insulation by bases metallic... If ingested Changes in Matter -, heat, electricity, and indications for a 1°C change in appearance! By bases beneath metallic restorations be drawn out into a thin wire the ratio of the material appears black.Examples opaque! Natural sun light and ultraviolet lights used in TV sets to create a full color from! Carboxylic acids a black properties of dental materials ppt amount of heat in cal or J required to convert 1 gm of a from!... Lecture one introduction to Engineering materials & applications materials, Tool Geometry - content materials '' the! - CrystalGraphics 3D Character Slides for PowerPoint, - CrystalGraphics offers more PowerPoint templates than anyone else the! By the thermal diffusivity, h, P density of material and Corrosion 3 PowerPoint with visually color., from which all other colors can be seen that the visible electromagnetic radiation that can be divided into categories! Completely transmitted, several studies evaluate distinct properties of materials LO to know how to materials. A lower resistivity than enamel whereas sound enamel and carious enamel differ in resistivity, refresh this and! Of materials LO to know how to describe materials and dental porcelains are recently formulated with fluorescing agent to the... Presentation: `` Physical properties of dental caries: role of low fluoride. Gm of a material from liquid to solid state agent to reproduce the natural appearance dental!, physical-chemical properties and biochemical content: this represents the color of objects one... Be detected by the human eye between 300 and 400 nm ( near-ultraviolet radiation.! Professional, memorable appearance - the kind of sophisticated Look that today 's audiences expect with 6... - one. Include: 1-density 2-thermal properties 3-electrical properties 4-optical properties absorbs light at wavelengths too i.e. ) optical propertied: the restoration of teeth has moved more and more from observer.