Trees in Ontario: Including tall shrubs. August 2009. However, areas where Eastern Flowering Dogwood trees have been planted for the purposes of  population restoration will be considered targets for recovery in the future if i) the trees were cultivated for purposes of disease resistance and ii) derived from plants native to Ontario or any state of the United States of America with which Ontario shares a border. College Ave East Content (excluding the illustrations) may be used without permission, with appropriate credit to the source. University of Guelph Arboretum Government of Canada. Cynoxylon floridum, dogwood, eastern flowering dogwood, white cornel, white dogwood. Susceptible to anthracnose and borer pests. Dictionary entry overview: What does eastern flowering dogwood mean? Pterophylla Native Plants and Seeds, R.R. Ontario Tree Atlas map of non-planted Eastern Flowering Dogwood. Eastern flowering dogwood is also distributed throughout the United States ranging from southern Michiganto southern Maine, and as far south to Florida and Texas. However, the species also occurs in rich woods, and occasionally in moist or lowland sites, as long as these are not seasonally flooded (COSEWIC 2007; NHIC 2010). The Eastern Flowering Dogwood in Ontario occurs at the northern edge of its North American range. Lone Pine Publishing. Sherald, J. L., T. M. Stidham, J. M. Hadidian, and J. E. Hoeldtke.1996. Eastern United States Description. S3: Vulnerable = restricted range, relatively few populations (often 80 or fewer), recent and widespread declines, or other factors making it vulnerable to extirpation. COSEWIC 2007. National List of Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands: National Summary. Every five years, success of recovery strategy implementation will be measured against the following performance indicators: One or more action plans will be completed for the Eastern Flowering Dogwood and posted on the Species at Risk Public Registry by December 2021. Madeline Austen and Lesley Dunn (Environment Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service – Ontario), Wendy Dunford (Environment Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service – National Capital),  Amelia Argue, Vivian Brownell, Eric Snyder and Melinda Thompson (Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources), Department of National Defense staff and Parks Canada Agency staff reviewed and provided comments and advice during the development of this document. Plant Disease 80:310-312. This White Flowering Variegated Dogwood has a dense upright habit (less spreading than other Cornus) with an abundance of white flower bracts in April or May. Deciduous, with a typical height of 30 feet, with a trunk diameter of up to 1 foot. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources: Ontario Tree Atlas. S1: Critically Imperilled = extreme rarity (often 5 or fewer occurrences) or very steep declines making it especially vulnerable to extirpation. All rights reserved. Inconspicuous white or pink bracted flowers appear in spring. Recovery Strategy for the Eastern Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) in Canada. Eastern dogwood blooms in midspring as the leaf buds are unfurling. Ottawa. Family Cornaceae . Eastern Flowering Dogwood fruits are shiny and bright red, and attract a wide range of animals in the late summer, including American Crows, American Robins, Northern Cardinals, wild Turkeys, Squirrels, Raccoons, and White-Tailed Deer. Pierce, A.R., W.R. Bromer, and K.N. Creamy-yellow flowers appear late winter or early spring. Other common names eastern flowering dogwood red-form . Dark green leaves, 3 to 6 inches long, turn an attractive red in fall. Part 3 – Eastern Flowering Dogwood: Ontario Government Response Statement, prepared by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 2010. The planning process based on national guidelines directly incorporates consideration of all environmental effects, with a particular focus on possible impacts upon non-target species or habitats. The primary threats to the species or its habitat (including threats outside Canada) can be avoided or mitigated. The ecological risks of such management activities will be considered before they are undertaken, in order to avoid or mitigate any negative effects. Recovery Strategy for the Eastern Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) in Canada - 2014. This species and the Pacific dogwood are prone to dogwood anthracnose, which can be controlled by pruning away affected branches. Flowering dogwood opens white flowers in April, usually before the leaf display, and will show off and enhance any spring landscape. S2: Imperilled = rarity due to very restricted range, very few populations (often 20 or fewer), steep declines, or other factors making it very vulnerable to extirpation. Également disponible en français sous le titre « Programme de rétablissement du cornouiller fleuri (Cornus florida) au Canada Â», © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of the Environment, 2014. The red fruits are bitter and inedible to humans, but are enjoyed by many birds and small mammals in the fall. Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. It is identified as critically imperilled (S1) in Kansas, Maine and Vermont (NatureServe 2010). Oecologia 155: 347-356. 3 Status definitions can be found in Appendix A. Native to the Eastern U.S., this handsome tree thrives in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 5 through 9. In Ontario, the Eastern Flowering Dogwood is listed as Endangered[2] under the provincial Endangered Species Act, 2007 (ESA). Eastern Flowering Dogwood grows in, and at the edge of, a variety of open deciduous and mixed forest communities, and also along fencerows and roadsides. As information is currently lacking on the status and genetic origin of restoration plantings in Ontario, these populations cannot be considered targets for recovery at this time. In Ontario, the Eastern Flowering Dogwood is found only in the Carolinian Zone, a narrow band extending from the southeastern shore of Lake Huron to the west end of Lake Ontario. Planting tips: Dig an extra wide hole to ensure the roots have room to grow outwards The results of the SEA are incorporated directly into the strategy itself, but are also summarized below in this statement. Esker and J.E. Ecological Land Classification for Southern Ontario: First Approximations and Its Application. 2009. Implementation of this strategy is subject to appropriations, priorities, and budgetary constraints of the participating jurisdictions and organizations. Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series. This is a good specimen tree for a location with acidic soil and afternoon shade. Therefore, in keeping with the precautionary principle, a full recovery strategy has been prepared as would be done when recovery is determined to be feasible. Celestial Dogwood (Cornus x ‘Rutdan') - The white bracts overlap and have a green tinge, although they become pure white after a few days. Bark of the Eastern Flowering Dogwood is rough and divided into quadrangular plates. National Wetland Inventory, U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, St. Petersburg, Florida. 2007. In its place, Environment Canada is adopting the government-led and government-supported actions of the Eastern Flowering Dogwood Ontario Government Response Statement (GRS). eastern flowering dogwood synonyms, eastern flowering dogwood pronunciation, eastern flowering dogwood translation, English dictionary definition of eastern flowering dogwood. No need to register, buy now! Camp, and A. 1996. 2008. 1998. 504 pp. Blossom is the state flower of North Carolina and Virginia. McLean, T.L. It is considered a facultative[7] upland species, meaning that it usually occurs in non-wetland settings (Reed 1988). Journal of Forestry 104: 21-26. AB. Cornus Rainbow is a gorgeous variegated dogwood with stunning autumn colour creating a bonus to the lovely spring white flowers. The American Midland Naturalist 143 (1): 169-177. The federal, provincial, and territorial government signatories under the Accord for the Protection of Species at Risk (1996) agreed to establish complementary legislation and programs that provide for effective protection of species at risk throughout Canada. Dogwood Anthracnose: understanding a disease new to North America. Farrar, J.L.. 1995. Due to the Eastern Flowering Dogwood’s naturally limited distribution in Canada, it will likely always be vulnerable to anthropogenic and natural stressors. COSEWIC Assessment and status report on the eastern flowering dogwood Cornus florida in Canada. The 20 m distance represents the dripline[9] of a mature Eastern Flowering Dogwood tree. Obtained from NHIC staff, December 2010. 1998. Eastern Flowering Dogwood also exists in the area. SCSS Field Guide FG-02. + Appendices. This recovery strategy will benefit the environment by encouraging the recovery of the Eastern Flowering Dogwood and the Carolinian forest communities in which it occurs. 8 Relating or adapted to a moderately moist habitat. The species shares the range and preferred habitat characteristics of species at risk such as American Chestnut (Castanea dentata), Butternut (Juglans cinerea), Bird’s-foot Violet (Viola pedata), Eastern Hog-nosed Snake (Heterodon platirhinos), Hoary Mountain-mint (Pycnanthemum incanum), Milksnake (Lampropeltis triangulum), Red-headed Woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus), Spotted Wintergreen (Chimaphila maculata), Whip-poor-will (Caprimulgus vociferus), and White Wood Aster (Eurybia divaricata), among others. The papery bracts are long-lasting, with four bracts in flowering dogwood in Kousa dogwood and six in Western dogwood. Destruction is determined on a case-by-case basis. The government’s goal for the recovery of the Eastern Flowering Dogwood is to protect and conserve existing populations, reduce its rate of decline, and where possible, restore populations of the species across its range in southern Ontario. Progression of the dogwood anthracnose epidemic and the status of flowering dogwood in Catoctin Mountain Park. If planted on a hospitable site and under a canopy of larger trees, the tree grows fast, sleek and slim -- but it will be less sleek and more husky when grown in … Eastern Flowering Dogwood inhabits a range of naturally occurring forest and woodland vegetation types. Part 2 - Recovery Strategy for Eastern Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) in Ontario, prepared by H. Bickerton and M. Thompson-Black for the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Part 3 – Eastern Flowering Dogwood: Ontario Government Response Statement, prepared by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Également disponible en français sous le titre, « Programme de rétablissement du cornouiller fleuri (, Part 1 – Federal Addition to the Recovery Strategy for the Eastern Flowering Dogwood (, Part 2 – Recovery Strategy for the Eastern Flowering Dogwood (, Additions and Modifications to the Adopted Document, 3. 2000. Long. The relationship between fire history and an exotic fungal disease in a deciduous forest. This rare and striking native Dogwood species is a favourite ornamental species, and is a real treat to find flowering in sunny woodland patches in early spring. Genus Cornus can be deciduous shrubs or trees, or creeping, woody-based perennials, some with brightly coloured young stems. vi + 22 pp. The Eastern Flowering Dogwood’s global conservation status is secure[3] (G5); however, it should be noted that the species has not been reviewed since 1996 (NatureServe 2010). Large shrub or small tree often used as an ornamental. Jenkins, M.A., S. Jose and P.S. Natural Areas Journal 18:3. For copies of the recovery strategy, or for additional information on species at risk, including COSEWIC Status Reports, residence descriptions, action plans, and other related recovery documents, please visit the Species at Risk (SAR) Public Registry. If an Eastern Flowering Dogwood exists in a vegetation type that is not naturally-occurring in Ontario, critical habitat is the terrestrial area within 20 m of the stem (Figure 1: D). 2014. 2010. These trees are not included in the identification of critical habitat as trees within such intensively manicured settings are likely to have originated from non-native stock, and such areas do not allow for the natural dispersal or population expansion that would occur naturally in the vegetation types described above. Native to eastern U.S., from New England to central Florida.Has been called the most beautiful native tree of North America. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life. Population and Distribution Objectives, 4. Success in the recovery of this species depends on the commitment and cooperation of many different constituencies that will be involved in implementing the directions set out in this strategy and will not be achieved by Environment Canada and the Parks Canada Agency, or any other jurisdiction alone. The leaves of the Eastern Flowering Dogwood are 8-15 cm long, wedge-shaped and will turn red in autumn. The government-led and government-supported actions tables from Ontario’s Government Response Statement for the Eastern Flowering Dogwood (Part 3) are adopted as the broad strategies and general approaches to address the threats and meet the population and distribution objectives. [Online] Available: http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/en/Business/ClimateChange/2ColumnSubPage/267027.html. The Eastern Flowering Dogwood Ontario Government Response Statement (Part 3) has also been included as a part of the adoption process in order to clarify the priorities for implementation. You can find flowering dogwood trees in well-drained, light upland soils to deep, moist soils along streams and lower slopes. Eastern Flowering Dogwood is frequently grown in horticultural settings as an ornamental tree throughout its range in southwestern Ontario. Anthracnose-caused mortality of Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) at the Dean Hills Nature Preserve, Fayette County, Illinois, USA. Destruction would result if part of the critical habitat were degraded, either permanently or temporarily, such that it would not serve its function when needed by the species. Also known as great-flowered dogwood, arrow-wood, common dogwood. Windham, M.T., E.T. The Province of Ontario (Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources) led the development of the attached recovery strategy for the Eastern Flowering Dogwood (Part 2) in cooperation with Environment Canada and the Parks Canada Agency. Flowering Dogwood is a native understory tree in Virginia, & in fact is the State flower. It has been widely planted throughout the U.S. and Canada in parks and gardens. Part 2 – Recovery Strategy for the Eastern Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) in Ontario, prepared by H. Bickerton and M. Thompson-Black for the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Ottawa. Constellation Dogwood (Cornus x ‘Rutcan') - A low-branching tree with uniform width, and white bracts with acute tips. The beautiful, showy white petals of the Eastern Flowering Dogwood are actually protective bracts that surround the true flowers, tiny yellowish or green flowers that form in clusters of 20-30 in the centre of the “flower”. Similar species: • Alternate-leaved Dogwood (Cornus alternifolia) - has alternate leaves. Trees that are believed to be horticultural specimens and cultivars (e.g., those clearly planted in landscaped settings such as urban/suburban gardens and parks or in orchards) are not considered as existing populations (or portions thereof) in the above objective. Hortscience 33:1265–1267. Dogwood anthracnose (Discula destructiva): effects and consequences for host (Cornus florida) demography. It is estimated that less than 5% of its global range occurs in Canada; the remainder occurs in the United States. Zones 4-9. Lee, H., W. Bakowsky, J. Riley, J. Bowles, M. Puddister, P. Uhlig, and S. McMurray. 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