Writer Aleksei Tolstoy was born on January 10, 1883 in Nikolayevsk, Samara Governorate, Russian Empire as Aleksei Nikolayevich Tolstoy. This document was submitted to the Tribunal by me earlier as Exhibit Number USSR-1 (Document USSR-1). It was the latter writer who awakened the most enthusiasm in him. Attendance at lectures was not compulsory at any case, and increasing political unrest caused alternating student strikes and police closure to disrupt whatever work was in progress. During this time he wrote one of his finest works, Detstvo Nikity (1921; Nikita’s Childhood, 1945), a nostalgic, partly autobiographical study of a small boy’s life. Soviet Russian writer and public figure. Tolstoy, Aleksey Nikolayevich (tŏl`stoi, Rus. Emigration can kill any author within two or three years.' [10], In May 1923, Aleksei returned to Russia for a brief visit and received a hero's welcome. The play earned Tolstoy his third Stalin Prize. Aleksey Nikolayevich, Count Tolstoy, (born Jan. 10, 1883 [Dec. 29, 1882, Old Style], Nikolayevsk, Russia—died Feb. 23, 1945, Moscow, Russia, U.S.S.R.), novelist and short-story writer, a former nobleman and “White” Russian émigré who became a supporter of the Soviet regime and an honoured artist of the Soviet Union. Oh, no: Russia is going through hard times. No one in Russia, not even Alexei's most ardent admirers (and there are many), would dream of putting him into the same category as that great, sincere and fiery old heretic, Leo Tolstoy. Peter the First book. Samara possessed a large public library, where the young boy first encountered the adventure stories of James Fenimore Cooper, Jules Verne, Thomas Mayne Reid, and Victor Hugo. (Some fifteen years ago, I received a similarly flattering invitation from a high Soviet official). By this time, Aleksei's writings had earned the praise of Maxim Gorky, who urged his readers to, "look to the new Tolstoy," for a powerful depiction of the collapse of the Russian provincial gentry. The ecclesiastical court, in granting a divorce, ruled that the guilty wife should never be allowed to remarry. Earned int. Staying at first with friends, and later in a flat crowded with other Russians, they were totally dependent on what work Natalia could find as a seamstress. Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy was a prominent Soviet writer and public figure, who descended from Tolstoy family. They did not marry until after the February Revolution, as Natalia was unable to secure a divorce.[7]. After a trip to Italy in the summer of 1907, Aleksei left his horrified wife and infant son and began a common law marriage with Sophia. Although hopelessly in love, Sophia was well aware that they were both still married to other people. His friend Ilya Ehrenburg wrote once that Tolstoy would do anything for a quiet life, and his personal philosophy rose no higher than this confessio vitae, uttered when an exile in Paris: 'I only know this: the thing that I loathe most of all is walking in town with empty pockets, looking in shop windows without the possibility of buying anything – that's real torture for me.' He made a rapid career, became one of the leaders of the officially sponsored Association of Authors, and was recently awarded the highest academic distinction in Russia, the Stalin Prize...I think this is sufficient to show that Alexei has not got a grain of that grandeur which made his namesake the undisputed moral authority in Russia, of whom even the most obscurantist Tsarist Ministers were afraid. He wrote in many genres but mainly specialized in science fiction and historical novels. He wrote in many genres but mainly specialized in science fiction and historical novels. During the Nuremberg Trials of Nazi war criminals, Soviet prosecutors recognized his work in the investigation of atrocities committed in the Stavropol region. During World War II he was a prolific author of patriotic articles and also composed his two-part play Ivan the Terrible (1943), a dramatic apologia for the pathologically cruel tsar. There was a place in Berlin that reminded one of Noah's Ark, where the clean and unclean met peacefully; it was called the House of Arts and was just a common German café where Russian writers gathered on Fridays. Mariana, however, came to live with her father two years later. Author. [citation needed]. [citation needed], In 1974, a minor planet was discovered by Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Zhuravlyova and named 3771 Alexejtolstoj after the Red Count.[16]. It was a happy time. Even after learning the truth, he still considered Aleksey Bostrom his true father and refused ever to see Count Nikolai Tolstoy or his older siblings. The son of a count distantly related to the great 19th-century novelist Leo Tolstoy, he studied engineering at St. Petersburg. Price New from Used from Hardcover "Please retry" — $985.00: $799.00: Hardcover from $163.99 Yesenin, Marina Tsvetayeva, Andrei Bely, Pasternak, Khodasevich recited poetry ... On one occasion, E. Chirikov came in, sat down next to Mayakovsky, and listened quietly. Born in Nikolayevsk, Samara, Aleksey was a distant relation of Leo Tolstoy. Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy (Russian: Алексе́й Никола́евич Толсто́й; 10 January 1883 O.S. Today this strikes me as almost incredible. Shortly after his birth, however, his parents separated and he was taken by his mother to Chernigov province in the Ukraine where he grew up under the wing of his uncle, Aleksey Perovsky (1787–1836), who wrote novels and stories under the pseudonym "Anton Pogorelsky". Tolstoy, Aleksei Nikolaevich Born Dec. 29, 1882 (Jan. 10, 1883), in the city of Nikolaevsk, now the city of Puga-chev, Saratov Oblast; died Feb. 23,1945, in Moscow. He penned several books for children, starting with Nikita's Childhood, a memorable account of his early years (the book is sometimes mistakenly believed to be about his son, Nikita; in truth, however, he only used the name because it was his favorite – and he would later give it to his eldest son). His novels Aelita (1923) about a journey to Mars and The Hyperboloid of Engineer Garin (1927) have gained immense public popularity. Tcherepnin, Alexander (Nikolayevich) (b St Petersburg, 1899; d Paris, 1977).Russ.-born composer and pianist (Amer. Aleksey Konstantinovich also wrote many books: Prince Serebrenni, The Death of Ivan the Terrible, Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich, and Tsar Boris. His most extensive serious work is his trilogy of novels Khozhdeniye po mukam. His father had been a rake—hell cavalry officer, whose rowdy excesses proved too much even for his fellow hussars. However, by 1921, he was bothered by the Gallicisms appearing in his son's spoken Russian language. Social Networks and Archival Context. Aleksey was the son of Count Nikolay Alexandrovich Tolstoy (1849–1900) and Alexandra Leontievna Turgeneva (1854–1906). Tolstoy, Aleksei Nikolaevich Born Dec. 29, 1882 (Jan. 10, 1883), in the city of Nikolaevsk, now the city of Puga-chev, Saratov Oblast; died Feb. 23,1945, in Moscow. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. His personal character was without question beneath contempt, reflecting as it did the pitiful morality of many contemporary European intellectuals. The Linked Data Service provides access to commonly found standards and vocabularies promulgated by the Library of Congress. 29 December 1882] – 23 February 1945), nicknamed the Comrade Count, was a Russian and Soviet writer who wrote in many genres but specialized in science fiction and historical novels. When strings were eventually pulled to arrange his return, he celebrated it by provoking a fellow-noble to a duel. Do I go to happiness? It might be outdated or ideologically biased. Clearly, he would not have contemplated return without the motives already noted: a profound patriotism and nostalgie de la boue. Within Paris's Russian community, Aleksei's eccentricities quickly caught the notice of other emigres. In Nikolai Tolstoy's account: Alexei was at pains to stress his Russian origin, appearing everywhere in a fur coat and hat. Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoi (lyĕf), 1828–1910, Russian novelist and philosopher, considered one of the world's greatest writers. His subsequent change over from monarchism to communism was too quick and effortless to be sincere. The baby Mariana was deposited with an aunt. Namely, Count Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy died in 1875, at the age of 58. There he studied physics, chemistry, engineering, and other more practical subjects than he would have learned had he attended the aristocratic gymnasium. Alexandra fell in love with Alexei Appollonovich Bostrom. See all formats and editions Hide other formats and editions. It might be outdated or ideologically biased. There is, therefore, nothing remarkable in the fact that this brilliant and faithful bard of Stalin was called upon to extol Pan-Slavism, if that is what his master wanted. by Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy (Aka Alexei Tolstoy) (Adapter) 5.0 out of 5 stars 1 rating. In 1927. Mayakovsky declaimed. By the time the Romanov Dynasty was replaced by Aleksandr Kerensky's Russian Provisional Government, Aleksei's liaison with Natalia had produced a son, Nikita Tolstoy. Now, as then, he found his refuge in, 'the troubled waters of literature.'[8]. Media in category "Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy" The following 27 files are in this category, out of 27 total. In May 1882, already two months pregnant with her fourth child, she fled into the arms of her lover. Looking for books by Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy? Corrections? it at CG.His first sym. [5], Aleksei and Sophia returned to Russia in the summer of 1910 and set up house in a flat along Nevsky Prospekt. Like most of his peers, he was hostile to the government and spent much time in heated political debates. His mother's encouragement bore swift fruit, and with every year his talent became more apparent. Tolstoy is credited with having produced some of the earliest works of science fiction in the Russian language. In 1936, he created an adaptation of the famous Italian fairy tale about Pinocchio entitled the Adventures of Buratino or The Golden Key, whose main character, Buratino, quickly became hugely popular among the Soviet populace. Details about The Road to Calvary by Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy, USSR vintage Soviet book. He was popular with the students, who elected him to their committees. [13] Tolstoy became a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1939. His attention was perfunctory, and in his earliest years it was his imagination and dreams which absorbed his energy. Sophia claimed in a pious official memoir published in Moscow in 1973 that Alexei, 'took the child's death very much to heart.' He missed acutely the old life of ease and amusement. it at CG.His first sym. The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). Tolstoy was a lenient land-owner, admired by his Krasny Rog peasants who were permitted to use his fields as common pastures and given free timber and primary education for their children in a school he built for them in 1859. Sophia did not reply, but took the hint and departed for another visit to Paris. He also returned to St. Petersburg and began openly pursuing Sophia at her parents' home. According to Sophia: Usually … Alexei Nikolaevich read them to me, avoiding the presence of visitors. Initially a staunch anti-communist, he fought on the side of the Whites during the Russian Civil War and emigrated to Paris in 1919. Investigation of the crimes committed by the German fascists in the Stavropol region was directed by a prominent Soviet writer and member of the Extraordinary State Commission, Academician Alexey Nikolaevitch Tolstoy, who now is deceased."[15]. The break with Sophia was as abrupt as it had been with Julia. Kniga Pervaja, Paperback by Tolstoy, Aleksey Nikolayevich, ISBN 1727247094, ISBN-13 9781727247091, Brand New, Free shipping in the US [citation needed], As with so many Russian children at that time, little Alexei picked up his earliest education at home. 7: Sixty-second Day, Tuesday, 19 February 1946, Morning Session", Works by or about Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy, "Aleksei Nikolaevich Tolstoi (1883–1945)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aleksey_Nikolayevich_Tolstoy&oldid=1002734588, First convocation members of the Soviet of the Union, Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology alumni, Emigrants from the Russian Empire to France, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Russian-language text, Articles needing additional references from July 2017, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017, Articles needing additional references from December 2017, Articles with Russian-language sources (ru), Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, "Count Cagliostro" (supernatural short story), This page was last edited on 25 January 2021, at 20:45. He surpassed his less able colleagues in the art of glorifying Stalin by drawing subtle analogies between the latter and Peter the Great. August 24] 1817 – October 10 [O.S. 'You certainly ought to be the one to carry on the old tradition of the literary, "nest of gentlefolk,"' Tolstoy, he added, should achieve a suitable style and write a massive epic. We both responded enthusiastically."[6]. He was essentially a liberal humanist at this impressionable stage of his life and thought Socialist promises too absurd for contemplation. Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy (Russian: Алексе́й Никола́евич Толсто́й; 10 January 1883 [O.S. Count Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, often referred to as A. K. Tolstoy (Russian: Алексе́й Константи́нович Толсто́й) (September 5 [O.S. Khodasevich, who later worked on the monarchist newspaper Vozrozhdeniye (Regeneration), edited a literary journal with Gorky and talked of going back to Russia. In 1861 he personally gathered all of his peasants together, read them the 1961 … Therefore, she suggested that Aleksei take a trip abroad with his wife before coming to a final decision. Aleksei would insist in later years that they were also great admirers of the writings of Karl Marx and Georgi Plekhanov. Out on a stroll, Alexei said significantly, 'I feel that this winter you're going to leave me.' On a more prosaic note it was clear that Mayakovsky and artists like him enjoyed a comfortable standard of life, unaffected by the appalling tribulations suffered by ordinary Russians.[12]. Stories were read aloud by Tolstoy, Remizov, Lidin, Pilnyak, Sokolov-Mikitov. Whilst there, he heard from Julia that his three-year-old son had died of meningitis, the same dreadful scourge that had struck down his mother. He once said to me, 'You'll see, no literature will come out of the emigration. Tolstoy, Aleksey Nikolayevich (tŏl`stoi, Rus. Tolstoy was credited by Counsellor Smirnov, a Soviet prosecution lawyer at the Nuremberg Trials, of being the first person to 'ascertain without reasonable doubt' the use of gas vans by the Nazis to commit genocide. 1958), son of Nikolay Tcherepnin.Went to Paris 1921. After his family sold their farm and moved to Samara, the family's meagre finances were even further reduced. Petr Pervyj. He knew that he would soon be going home. Writing in 1983, Nikolai Tolstoy commented, In fact, he never experienced the 'hard life' of which he wrote, and it seems certain that he never expected to do so. Tolstoy, Aleksey Nikolayevich, graf, 1883-1945 Title ; Close. There were still benefits for Aleksei, however. As subsequent events were to show, he could evince extraordinary callousness toward individual members of the human race, whatever his broadly liberal viewpoint toward the species at large.[5]. Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy. 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